Wang Mengcen, Cernava Tomislav
Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria.
Environ Sci Ecotechnol. 2020 Sep 15;4:100061. doi: 10.1016/j.ese.2020.100061. eCollection 2020 Oct.
Recent studies have shown that various agrochemicals can substantially affect microbial communities; especially those that are associated with cultivated plants. Under certain circumstances, up to 50% of the naturally occurring microorganisms can be negatively affected by common agricultural practices such as seed coating with fungicide-based matrices. Nevertheless, the off-target effects of commonly applied agrochemicals are still understudied in terms of their interferences with microbial communities. At the same time, agrochemical inputs are steadily increasing due to the intensification of agriculture and the increasing pathogen pressure that is currently observed worldwide. In this article, we briefly reflect on the current knowledge related to pesticide interference with microbial communities and discuss negative implications for the plant holobiont as well as such that are spanning beyond local system borders. Cumulative effects of pesticide inputs that cause alterations in microbial functioning likely have unforeseen implications on geochemical cycles that should be addressed with a high priority in ongoing research. A holistic assessment of such implications will allow us to objectively select the most suitable means for food production under the scenario of a growing global population and aggravating climatic conditions. We present three hypothetical solutions that might facilitate a more sustainable and less damaging application of pesticides in the future.
最近的研究表明，各种农用化学品会对微生物群落产生重大影响；尤其是那些与栽培植物相关的微生物群落。在某些情况下，高达50%的天然存在的微生物可能会受到常见农业实践的负面影响，如用基于杀菌剂的基质进行种子包衣。然而，常用农用化学品的非靶标效应在其对微生物群落的干扰方面仍未得到充分研究。与此同时，由于农业集约化和目前全球范围内观察到的病原体压力增加，农用化学品的投入正在稳步增加。在本文中，我们简要回顾了与农药对微生物群落的干扰相关的现有知识，并讨论了对植物全生物以及跨越局部系统边界的负面影响。导致微生物功能改变的农药投入的累积效应可能对地球化学循环产生不可预见的影响，这在正在进行的研究中应被高度优先考虑。对这些影响进行全面评估将使我们能够在全球人口增长和气候条件恶化的情况下，客观地选择最合适的粮食生产方式。我们提出了三种假设的解决方案，它们可能有助于未来更可持续、危害更小地使用农药。
