Genetics and Genomics of Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, F-75015 Paris, France.
Graduate School of Life Sciences ED515, Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris VI, 75252 Paris, France.
Viruses. 2023 Feb 21;15(3):589. doi: 10.3390/v15030589.
Mosquito-borne diseases caused by viruses and parasites are responsible for more than 700 million infections each year. and are the two major vectors for, respectively, malaria and arboviruses. mosquitoes are the primary vector of just one known arbovirus, the alphavirus o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), which is closely related to the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), vectored by mosquitoes. However, harbor a complex natural virome of RNA viruses, and a number of pathogenic arboviruses have been isolated from mosquitoes in nature. CHIKV and ONNV are in the same antigenic group, the Semliki Forest virus complex, are difficult to distinguish via immunodiagnostic assay, and symptomatically cause essentially the same human disease. The major difference between the arboviruses appears to be their differential use of mosquito vectors. The mechanisms governing this vector specificity are poorly understood. Here, we summarize intrinsic and extrinsic factors that could be associated with vector specificity by these viruses. We highlight the complexity and multifactorial aspect of vectorial specificity of the two alphaviruses, and evaluate the level of risk of vector shift by ONNV or CHIKV.
由病毒和寄生虫引起的蚊媒疾病每年导致超过 7 亿例感染。 和 分别是疟疾和虫媒病毒的两个主要媒介。 蚊子是唯一一种已知的虫媒病毒，即甲型虫媒病毒（ONNV）的主要媒介，该病毒与基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）密切相关，由 蚊子传播。然而， 携带复杂的 RNA 病毒天然病毒组，并且已经从自然界中的 蚊子中分离出多种致病性虫媒病毒。CHIKV 和 ONNV 属于同一抗原组，即 Semliki Forest 病毒复合物，通过免疫诊断检测难以区分，并且在临床上引起基本相同的人类疾病。这些虫媒病毒之间的主要区别似乎在于它们对蚊子媒介的不同利用。控制这种媒介特异性的机制尚未得到很好的理解。在这里，我们总结了可能与这些病毒的媒介特异性相关的内在和外在因素。我们强调了这两种甲型虫媒病毒的媒介特异性的复杂性和多因素性，并评估了 ONNV 或 CHIKV 发生媒介转移的风险水平。
