Baltazar-Díaz Tonatiuh Abimael, Amador-Lara Fernando, Andrade-Villanueva Jaime F, González-Hernández Luz Alicia, Cabrera-Silva Rodolfo Ismael, Sánchez-Reyes Karina, Álvarez-Zavala Monserrat, Valenzuela-Ramírez Aldo, Del Toro-Arreola Susana, Bueno-Topete Miriam Ruth
Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44350, Mexico.
Unidad de VIH, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara 44350, Mexico.
Microorganisms. 2023 Apr 6;11(4):951. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11040951.
Antiretroviral therapies (ART) are strongly associated with weight gain and metabolic syndrome (MetS) development in HIV-infected patients. Few studies have evaluated the association between gut microbiota and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based and protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens in HIV-infected patients with MetS. To assess this, fecal samples were obtained from HIV-infected patients treated with different regimens (16 PI + MetS or 30 INSTI + MetS) and 18 healthy controls (HCs). The microbial composition was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The INSTI-based and PI-based regimens were associated with a significant decrease in α-diversity compared to HCs. The INSTI + MetS group showed the lowest α-diversity between both regimens. A significant increase in the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing genera (, , , and ) was observed in the PI + MetS group, while , , and were significantly increased in the INSTI + MetS group. Moreover, the Proteobacteria/Firmicutes ratio was overrepresented, and functional pathways related to the biosynthesis of LPS components were increased in the INSTI + MetS group. The gut microbiota of patients receiving INSTIs showed a more pronounced dysbiosis orchestrated by decreased bacterial richness and diversity, with an almost complete absence of SCFA-producing bacteria and alterations in gut microbiota functional pathways. These findings have not been previously observed.
抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）与HIV感染患者的体重增加和代谢综合征（MetS）的发展密切相关。很少有研究评估肠道微生物群与基于整合酶链转移抑制剂（INSTI）和基于蛋白酶抑制剂（PI）的治疗方案在患有MetS的HIV感染患者中的关联。为了评估这一点，从接受不同治疗方案的HIV感染患者（16例PI + MetS或30例INSTI + MetS）和18名健康对照（HCs）中获取粪便样本。使用16S rRNA扩增子测序对微生物组成进行表征。与HCs相比，基于INSTI和基于PI的治疗方案与α多样性的显著降低相关。在两种治疗方案中，INSTI + MetS组的α多样性最低。在PI + MetS组中观察到产生短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的属（ 、 、 和 ）的丰度显著增加，而在INSTI + MetS组中 、 和 显著增加。此外，在INSTI + MetS组中，变形菌门/厚壁菌门的比例过高，与LPS成分生物合成相关的功能途径增加。接受INSTIs治疗的患者的肠道微生物群显示出更明显的生态失调，其特征是细菌丰富度和多样性降低，几乎完全没有产生SCFA的细菌，并且肠道微生物群功能途径发生改变。这些发现以前未曾观察到。
