Matter H C, Kharmachi H, Haddad N, Ben Youssef S, Sghaier C, Ben Khelifa R, Jemli J, Mrabet L, Meslin F X, Wandeler A I
Federal Office of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Berne, Switzerland.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995 Jun;52(6):489-95. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1995.52.489.
Chicken heads and two types of artificial bait were tested in Tunisia during two field trials in a waste disposal site carried out in 1988 and 1989 to compare their effectiveness as vehicles for the oral administration of antirabies vaccine to free-roaming dogs. Baits were made available for 36 hr and those that disappeared or were consumed were replaced on several occasions. In 1988, an artificial bait composed of fat and fishmeal (artificial bait type I) was tested. In the second trial, chicken heads and an artificial bait composed of polymerized fishmeal and wax (artificial bait type II) were compared. The vaccine containers were loaded with a topical marker (rhodamine B or methylene blue) to identify animals that had consumed baits. The artificial type I bait tested in 1988 was poorly accepted, but in the second trial, the number of chicken-head baits probably taken by dogs was more than seven times greater than the number of artificial type II baits taken. Thirteen dogs observed during the day showed topical marker staining. In both trials, most baits were taken during the night when dog activity in the waste disposal site was at its maximum. Artificial baits were characterized either by their lack of thermostability (type I, melting) or a certain attractiveness for cats (type II, fish flavor). Chicken heads fulfill established requirements for baits for vaccine delivery. They are well-accepted by free-roaming dogs, inexpensive, usually easily available at local markets, unattractive to humans, relatively easy to store in large quantities, and easy to handle.
1988年和1989年，在突尼斯的一个垃圾处理场进行了两项实地试验，对鸡头和两种人工诱饵进行了测试，以比较它们作为向自由放养犬口服狂犬病疫苗载体的有效性。诱饵放置36小时，那些消失或被吃掉的诱饵会多次更换。1988年，测试了一种由脂肪和鱼粉组成的人工诱饵（人工诱饵I型）。在第二项试验中，比较了鸡头和一种由聚合鱼粉和蜡组成的人工诱饵（人工诱饵II型）。疫苗容器中装有局部标记物（罗丹明B或亚甲蓝），以识别食用了诱饵的动物。1988年测试的人工I型诱饵接受度不佳，但在第二项试验中，犬类可能食用的鸡头诱饵数量比食用的人工II型诱饵数量多七倍以上。白天观察到13只犬出现局部标记物染色。在两项试验中，大多数诱饵都是在夜间被吃掉的，此时垃圾处理场的犬类活动最为频繁。人工诱饵的特点要么是缺乏热稳定性（I型，会融化），要么是对猫有一定吸引力（II型，有鱼腥味）。鸡头符合疫苗投放诱饵的既定要求。它们很受自由放养犬的欢迎，价格便宜，通常在当地市场很容易买到，对人类没有吸引力，相对容易大量储存，且易于处理。
