Cheung H, Chen H C
Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
Mem Cognit. 1998 Sep;26(5):1002-13. doi: 10.3758/bf03201179.
According to the asymmetry model of bilingual representation (Kroll & Stewart, 1994), the first language (L1) lexicon is closely tied to an underlying conceptual memory, whereas second language (L2) items are mostly associated with their L1 equivalents. An outcome of this architecture is that L1-to-L2, or forward, translation must be mediated by the conceptual memory, whereas L2-to-L1 (backward) translation takes a direct lexical path. Some predictions derived from this hypothetical structure were tested in the present study, which took into account, through analysis of covariance, variations in response production time, concept retrieval time, and some other characteristics associated with the individual test items. Proficient Chinese-English bilinguals were tested on delayed production (Balota & Chumbley, 1985), picture naming, word translation, and category matching. The expected asymmetrical pattern of translation latencies (i.e., forward > backward) was demonstrated, although it could be statistically explained by the item characteristic of familiarity; matching an L1 item to a category name was faster than matching an L2 item, suggesting relatively strong L1 conceptual links. The present results are best accommodated by a form of asymmetry that allows for nondominant L2-concept linkage, the use of which is conditional upon the familiarity of the test item to the bilingual.
根据双语表征的不对称模型（克罗尔和斯图尔特，1994），第一语言（L1）词汇与潜在的概念记忆紧密相连，而第二语言（L2）词汇大多与其L1对等词相关联。这种架构的一个结果是，从L1到L2的正向翻译必须通过概念记忆来介导，而从L2到L1的反向翻译则走直接的词汇路径。本研究对从这个假设结构得出的一些预测进行了检验，该研究通过协方差分析考虑了反应产生时间、概念检索时间以及与各个测试项目相关的其他一些特征的变化。对熟练的汉英双语者进行了延迟产生（巴洛塔和钱布利，1985）、图片命名、单词翻译和类别匹配测试。尽管翻译潜伏期的预期不对称模式（即正向>反向）可以通过熟悉程度这一项目特征进行统计学解释，但仍得到了证实；将一个L1项目与一个类别名称匹配比将一个L2项目与一个类别名称匹配要快，这表明L1概念联系相对较强。本研究结果最好用一种允许非优势L2概念联系的不对称形式来解释，这种联系的使用取决于双语者对测试项目的熟悉程度。
