Weingartl Hana, Czub Stefanie, Copps John, Berhane Yohannes, Middleton Deborah, Marszal Peter, Gren Jason, Smith Greg, Ganske Shelley, Manning Lisa, Czub Markus
National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canadian Science Centre for Human and Animal Health, 1015 Arlington St., Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada.
J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7528-34. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.12.7528-7534.2005.
Nipah virus, a newly emerged zoonotic paramyxovirus, infects a number of species. Human infections were linked to direct contact with pigs, specifically with their body fluids. Clinical signs in human cases indicated primarily involvement of the central nervous system, while in pigs the respiratory system was considered the primary virus target, with only rare involvement of the central nervous system. Eleven 5-week-old piglets were infected intranasally, orally, and ocularly with 2.5 x 10(5) PFU of Nipah virus per animal and euthanized between 3 and 8 days postinoculation. Nipah virus caused neurological signs in two out of eleven inoculated pigs. The rest of the pigs remained clinically healthy. Virus was detected in the respiratory system (turbinates, nasopharynx, trachea, bronchus, and lung in titers up to 10(5.3) PFU/g) and in the lymphoreticular system (endothelial cells of blood and lymphatic vessels, submandibular and bronchiolar lymph nodes, tonsil, and spleen with titers up to 10(6) PFU/g). Virus presence was confirmed in the nervous system of both sick and apparently healthy animals (cranial nerves, trigeminal ganglion, brain, and cerebrospinal fluid, with titers up to 10(7.7) PFU/g of tissue). Nipah virus distribution was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The study presents novel findings indicating that Nipah virus invaded the central nervous system of the porcine host via cranial nerves as well as by crossing the blood-brain barrier after initial virus replication in the upper respiratory tract.
尼帕病毒是一种新出现的人畜共患副粘病毒，可感染多种物种。人类感染与直接接触猪，特别是接触其体液有关。人类病例的临床症状主要表明中枢神经系统受累，而在猪中，呼吸系统被认为是主要的病毒靶器官，中枢神经系统仅偶尔受累。11只5周龄仔猪经鼻内、口服和眼内接种，每只动物接种2.5×10⁵ 空斑形成单位（PFU）的尼帕病毒，并在接种后3至8天实施安乐死。尼帕病毒在11只接种猪中的2只引起了神经症状。其余的猪在临床上保持健康。在呼吸系统（鼻甲、鼻咽、气管、支气管和肺，滴度高达10⁵·³ PFU/g）和淋巴网状系统（血液和淋巴管的内皮细胞、下颌下和细支气管淋巴结、扁桃体和脾脏，滴度高达10⁶ PFU/g）中检测到病毒。在患病和看似健康的动物的神经系统（颅神经、三叉神经节、脑和脑脊液，组织滴度高达10⁷·⁷ PFU/g）中均证实有病毒存在。通过免疫组织化学证实了尼帕病毒的分布。该研究提出了新的发现，表明尼帕病毒在猪宿主的上呼吸道最初复制后，通过颅神经以及穿过血脑屏障侵入中枢神经系统。
