Ozcelik Damla, Parks Joshua W, Wall Thomas A, Stott Matthew A, Cai Hong, Parks Joseph W, Hawkins Aaron R, Schmidt Holger
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064;
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602;
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Oct 20;112(42):12933-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1511921112. Epub 2015 Oct 5.
Optical waveguides simultaneously transport light at different colors, forming the basis of fiber-optic telecommunication networks that shuttle data in dozens of spectrally separated channels. Here, we reimagine this wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) paradigm in a novel context--the differentiated detection and identification of single influenza viruses on a chip. We use a single multimode interference (MMI) waveguide to create wavelength-dependent spot patterns across the entire visible spectrum and enable multiplexed single biomolecule detection on an optofluidic chip. Each target is identified by its time-dependent fluorescence signal without the need for spectral demultiplexing upon detection. We demonstrate detection of individual fluorescently labeled virus particles of three influenza A subtypes in two implementations: labeling of each virus using three different colors and two-color combinatorial labeling. By extending combinatorial multiplexing to three or more colors, MMI-based WDM provides the multiplexing power required for differentiated clinical tests and the growing field of personalized medicine.
光波导可同时传输不同颜色的光，这构成了光纤通信网络的基础，该网络可在数十个光谱分离的信道中传输数据。在此，我们在一个全新的背景下重新构想了这种波分复用（WDM）范式——在芯片上对单个流感病毒进行差异化检测和识别。我们使用单个多模干涉（MMI）波导在整个可见光谱范围内创建与波长相关的光斑图案，并在光流体芯片上实现多路复用的单生物分子检测。每个目标通过其随时间变化的荧光信号进行识别，检测时无需光谱解复用。我们在两种实现方式中展示了对三种甲型流感病毒亚型的单个荧光标记病毒颗粒的检测：使用三种不同颜色对每种病毒进行标记以及双色组合标记。通过将组合复用扩展到三种或更多颜色，基于MMI的WDM为差异化临床试验和不断发展的个性化医疗领域提供了所需的复用能力。
