Alsaigh Tahani, Kennison Shelia M
Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.
Front Psychol. 2017 Nov 7;8:1956. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01956. eCollection 2017.
The research investigated whether a bilinguals' second language (L2) is activated during a task involving only the first language (L1). We tested the hypothesis that the amount of L2 interference can vary across settings, with less interference occurring in testing locations where L2 is rarely used. In Experiment 1, we compared language processing for 50 Arabic-English bilinguals tested in Saudi Arabia and 49 Arabic-English tested in the United States. In the task, participants viewed a picture and judged whether a phoneme presented over headphones was part of the L1 picture name. The results showed no effect of testing location on processing. For both groups of bilinguals, we observed L2 interference in mean error rates, but not in mean response times. We also found evidence for L2 interference in correlational analyses between response times and (a) participants' weekly L2 usage and (b) frequency of English picture names. A second experiment with 24 Arabic monolinguals supported the conclusion that the results with bilinguals were due to L2 interference. Implications for theories of bilingual memory are discussed.
该研究调查了双语者的第二语言（L2）在仅涉及第一语言（L1）的任务过程中是否会被激活。我们测试了这样一个假设，即L2干扰的程度可能因环境而异，在很少使用L2的测试地点干扰会更少。在实验1中，我们对50名在沙特阿拉伯接受测试的阿拉伯语-英语双语者和49名在美国接受测试的阿拉伯语-英语双语者的语言处理情况进行了比较。在任务中，参与者观看一张图片，并判断通过耳机呈现的音素是否是L1图片名称的一部分。结果显示测试地点对处理过程没有影响。对于两组双语者，我们在平均错误率方面观察到了L2干扰，但在平均反应时间方面没有观察到。我们还在反应时间与（a）参与者每周的L2使用情况以及（b）英语图片名称的频率之间的相关性分析中发现了L2干扰的证据。对24名阿拉伯语单语者进行的第二个实验支持了以下结论，即双语者的实验结果是由L2干扰导致的。文中讨论了对双语记忆理论的启示。
