赞比亚的烟草生产体制背景。
The institutional context of tobacco production in Zambia.
机构信息
Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Room 205, 600 Peter Morand Cres, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada.
Faculty of Medicine, School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 300B Hosmer House, 3630 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y5, Canada.
出版信息
Global Health. 2018 Jan 16;14(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12992-018-0328-y.
BACKGROUND
Tobacco production is said to be an important contributor to Zambia's economy in terms of labour and revenue generation. In light of Zambia's obligations under the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) we examined the institutional actors in Zambia's tobacco sector to better understand their roles and determine the institutional context that supports tobacco production in Zambia.
METHODS
Findings from 26 qualitative, semi-structured individual or small-group interviews with key informants from governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations were analysed, along with data and information from published literature.
RESULTS
Although Zambia is obligated under the FCTC to take steps to reduce tobacco production, the country's weak economy and strong tobacco interests make it difficult to achieve this goal. Respondents uniformly acknowledged that growing the country's economy and ensuring employment for its citizens are the government's top priorities. Lacklustre coordination and collaboration between the institutional actors, both within and outside government, contributes to an environment that helps sustain tobacco production in the country. A Tobacco Products Control Bill has been under review for a number of years, but with no supply measures included, and with no indication of when or whether it will be passed.
CONCLUSIONS
As with other low-income countries involved in tobacco production, there is inconsistency between Zambia's economic policy to strengthen the country's economy and its FCTC commitment to regulate and control tobacco production. The absence of a whole-of-government approach towards tobacco control has created an institutional context of duelling objectives, with some government ministries working at cross-purposes and tobacco interests left unchecked. With no ultimate coordinating authority, this industry risks being run according to the desire and demands of multinational tobacco companies, with few, if any, checks against them.
背景
烟草生产在劳动力和收入方面被认为是赞比亚经济的重要贡献者。鉴于赞比亚在世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约（FCTC）下的义务，我们研究了赞比亚烟草部门的机构行为者，以更好地了解他们的角色，并确定支持赞比亚烟草生产的体制背景。
方法
对来自政府、政府间和非政府组织的主要利益攸关方的 26 名进行了定性、半结构式的个人或小组访谈的调查结果进行了分析，同时还分析了来自已发表文献的数据和信息。
结果
尽管赞比亚根据 FCTC 有义务采取措施减少烟草生产，但该国疲弱的经济和强大的烟草利益使其难以实现这一目标。受访者一致认为，发展国家经济和确保公民就业是政府的首要任务。机构行为者之间（包括政府内外）协调和合作不力，导致有利于该国烟草生产的环境得以维持。《烟草制品控制法案》已经审查了多年，但没有包括供应措施，也没有表明何时或是否会通过。
结论
与其他参与烟草生产的低收入国家一样，赞比亚加强经济的经济政策与其 FCTC 规范和控制烟草生产的承诺之间存在不一致。赞比亚政府没有采取全面的烟草控制方法，这就形成了一个目标相互冲突的体制背景，一些政府部门的工作目的不一致，烟草利益也没有受到监管。由于没有最终的协调机构，这个行业有可能按照跨国烟草公司的意愿和需求来经营，而对它们的制衡却很少，如果有的话。
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