Mecwan Marvin, Li Jinghang, Falcone Natashya, Ermis Menekse, Torres Emily, Morales Ramon, Hassani Alireza, Haghniaz Reihaneh, Mandal Kalpana, Sharma Saurabh, Maity Surjendu, Zehtabi Fatemeh, Zamanian Behnam, Herculano Rondinelli, Akbari Mohsen, V John Johnson, Khademhosseini Ali
Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA.
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Regen Biomater. 2022 Sep 21;9:rbac063. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbac063. eCollection 2022.
Hemorrhage is the leading cause of trauma-related deaths, in hospital and prehospital settings. Hemostasis is a complex mechanism that involves a cascade of clotting factors and proteins that result in the formation of a strong clot. In certain surgical and emergency situations, hemostatic agents are needed to achieve faster blood coagulation to prevent the patient from experiencing a severe hemorrhagic shock. Therefore, it is critical to consider appropriate materials and designs for hemostatic agents. Many materials have been fabricated as hemostatic agents, including synthetic and naturally derived polymers. Compared to synthetic polymers, natural polymers or biopolymers, which include polysaccharides and polypeptides, have greater biocompatibility, biodegradability and processibility. Thus, in this review, we focus on biopolymer-based hemostatic agents of different forms, such as powder, particles, sponges and hydrogels. Finally, we discuss biopolymer-based hemostatic materials currently in clinical trials and offer insight into next-generation hemostats for clinical translation.
出血是医院和院前环境中创伤相关死亡的主要原因。止血是一种复杂的机制，涉及一系列凝血因子和蛋白质，最终形成坚固的凝块。在某些外科手术和紧急情况下，需要使用止血剂来实现更快的血液凝固，以防止患者发生严重的失血性休克。因此，考虑止血剂的合适材料和设计至关重要。许多材料已被制成止血剂，包括合成聚合物和天然衍生聚合物。与合成聚合物相比，天然聚合物或生物聚合物（包括多糖和多肽）具有更高的生物相容性、生物降解性和可加工性。因此，在本综述中，我们重点关注不同形式的基于生物聚合物的止血剂，如粉末、颗粒、海绵和水凝胶。最后，我们讨论了目前正在进行临床试验的基于生物聚合物的止血材料，并对用于临床转化的下一代止血剂提供见解。
