Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Facultad de Psicología, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain.
Department of Basic Psychology, Psychobiology, and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Facultad de Psicología, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 20;20(1):44. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20010044.
(1) Background: There are few studies of burnout syndrome (BS) in occupational therapists (OTs), and protective factors for BS have received little attention in the scientific literature. This research aimed to estimate the prevalence of BS, characterize the associated psychosocial factors, and analyze their relationship with health in a sample of Spanish OTs. (2) Methods: A total of 127 therapists completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and other standardized questionnaires measuring: personality traits (reduced five-factor personality inventory, NEO-FFI), coping styles (Coping Strategies Questionnaire, CAE), work-family conflict (Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen, SWING), professional factors (role ambiguity/clarity and modified role conflict questionnaires), and the perception of health (Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire). Several correlational and multiple regression analyses were performed to study the psychosocial predictors of burnout and its relationship with health perceptions. (3) Results: 15.8% of the professionals presented BS, with emotional exhaustion (EE; 38.7%) being the most compromised dimension. Neuroticism, role conflict, negative work-family interaction, and open emotional expression (OE) significantly predicted a higher EE. The main predictors of cynicism (CY) were being male, role conflict, and OE. Role conflict, role ambiguity and social support-seeking were significant predictors of reduced professional efficiency (PE). (4) Conclusions: A high percentage of OTs with BS suggests the need for increased awareness of the importance of this syndrome in the health community. It would be critical to consider the protective factors (i.e., emotional management, social support) that help promote OTs' well-being and health.
(1) 背景： burnout syndrome (BS) 在职业治疗师（OT）中的研究较少，而 BS 的保护因素在科学文献中也很少受到关注。本研究旨在评估西班牙 OT 样本中 BS 的流行率，描述相关的心理社会因素，并分析它们与健康的关系。
(2) 方法： 共有 127 名治疗师完成了 Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) 和其他标准化问卷，这些问卷衡量了：人格特质（简化的五因素人格问卷，NEO-FFI）、应对方式（应对策略问卷，CAE）、工作-家庭冲突（Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen，SWING）、职业因素（角色模糊/清晰和修改后的角色冲突问卷）以及对健康的感知（Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire）。进行了一些相关和多元回归分析，以研究 burnout 的心理社会预测因素及其与健康感知的关系。
(3) 结果： 15.8%的专业人员出现 BS，其中情绪耗竭（EE；38.7%）是受影响最严重的维度。神经质、角色冲突、负性工作-家庭互动和开放性情绪表达（OE）显著预测 EE 更高。 Cynicism (CY) 的主要预测因素是男性、角色冲突和 OE。角色冲突、角色模糊和寻求社会支持是降低职业效率（PE）的重要预测因素。
(4) 结论： 高比例的 OT 出现 BS 表明，健康界需要提高对该综合征重要性的认识。考虑到有助于促进 OT 幸福感和健康的保护因素（即情绪管理、社会支持）将至关重要。
