Hand W L, Boozer R M, King-Thompson N L
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985 Jan;27(1):42-5. doi: 10.1128/AAC.27.1.42.
Cigarette smoking, particularly when associated with chronic pulmonary disease, increases the risk of respiratory tract infection. Thus, we elevated the uptake of antibiotics by alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from persons who smoke and have associated pulmonary abnormalities, circumstances which adversely affect certain macrophage functions. The entry of radiolabeled drugs into AM was determined by a velocity-gradient centrifugation technique, and uptake was expressed as the ratio of cellular to extracellular antibiotic concentration (C/E). Cefamandole and penicillin G were taken up poorly by the AM obtained from smokers (C/E less than or equal to 1). Cellular levels of isoniazid, gentamicin, and tetracycline were similar to their extracellular concentrations. The lipid-soluble drugs lincomycin, chloramphenicol, and rifampin were concentrated severalfold by the AM from smokers (C/E = 3 to 11). Ethambutol also entered macrophages readily (C/E = 11). Erythromycin and clindamycin were massively concentrated by the AM from smokers (C/E = 23 to 56). The AM of smokers accumulated a lipid-soluble antibiotic (rifampin) and actively transported agents (erythromycin propionate, clindamycin) more avidly than did the AM of nonsmokers. Augmented uptake of these antibiotics by the AM of smokers may be related to structural and functional alterations induced by smoking.
吸烟，尤其是与慢性肺部疾病相关时，会增加呼吸道感染的风险。因此，我们提高了通过支气管肺泡灌洗从吸烟且伴有肺部异常的人群中获取的肺泡巨噬细胞（AM）对抗生素的摄取，这些情况会对某些巨噬细胞功能产生不利影响。通过速度梯度离心技术测定放射性标记药物进入AM的情况，摄取量以细胞内抗生素浓度与细胞外抗生素浓度之比（C/E）表示。从吸烟者获取的AM对头孢孟多和青霉素G的摄取较差（C/E小于或等于1）。异烟肼、庆大霉素和四环素的细胞内水平与其细胞外浓度相似。脂溶性药物林可霉素、氯霉素和利福平被吸烟者的AM浓缩了几倍（C/E = 3至11）。乙胺丁醇也很容易进入巨噬细胞（C/E = 11）。红霉素和克林霉素被吸烟者的AM大量浓缩（C/E = 23至56）。吸烟者的AM比不吸烟者的AM更 avidly地积累脂溶性抗生素（利福平）和主动转运药物（红霉素丙酸酯、克林霉素）。吸烟者的AM对这些抗生素摄取的增加可能与吸烟引起的结构和功能改变有关。
