静脉穿刺镇痛：EMLA（涂抹5分钟）、利多卡因、氯乙烷及不做处理的比较
Analgesia for venous cannulation: a comparison of EMLA (5 minutes application), lignocaine, ethyl chloride, and nothing.
作者信息
Selby I R, Bowles B J
机构信息
Anaesthetic Department, Hope Hospital, Lancashire, UK.
出版信息
J R Soc Med. 1995 May;88(5):264-7.
Abstract
Three commonly available local anaesthetics were compared, in a controlled trial, for use before venous cannulation. The pain of application of the local anaesthetic, the pain of cannulation, and the rate of successful cannulations were compared. The value of EMLA cream applied for 5 min was questioned. Venous cannulation with a 20G venflon was found to be significantly more painful than the application of any of the local anaesthetics (P < 0.01). Lignocaine 1%, injected subcutaneously, and ethyl chloride spray significantly reduced the pain of venous cannulation (P < 0.01). The use of lignocaine did not result in significantly more failed cannulations than the control group. It was concluded that local anaesthesia should be used before venous cannulation, even for 20G cannulae.
摘要
在一项对照试验中，比较了三种常用的局部麻醉剂用于静脉插管前的效果。比较了局部麻醉剂涂抹时的疼痛、插管时的疼痛以及成功插管率。有人对涂抹5分钟的EMLA乳膏的效果提出质疑。结果发现，使用20G静脉留置针进行静脉插管比使用任何一种局部麻醉剂都要疼痛得多（P < 0.01）。皮下注射1%的利多卡因和使用氯乙烷喷雾剂可显著减轻静脉插管时的疼痛（P < 0.01）。使用利多卡因导致插管失败的情况并不比对照组显著增多。得出的结论是，即使是使用20G的留置针进行静脉插管，也应在插管前使用局部麻醉。
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