Lener E V, Bucalo B D, Kist D A, Moy R L
Dermatol Surg. 1997 Aug;23(8):673-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.1997.tb00388.x.
The ideal topical anesthetic agent is one that provides 100% anesthesia in a short period of time, work on intact skin without systemic side effects, and invokes neither pain nor discomfort. The quest to find such an agent continues today. Because a topical anesthetic agent will induce anesthesia painlessly, the need for an effective agent is clear. This will serve to eliminate painful injections with lidocaine prior to many dermatologic procedures.
To provide a review of topical agents used in the past, to present products that are being used today, and to look to the future of topical anesthesia. CONCLUSIVE: During the last three decades a variety of methods have been employed to administer topical anesthesia. Presently, EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) is the most often used method among practicing dermatologists. However, iontophoresis and the anesthetic patch are equally effective with a few notable advantages over EMLA. Liposomal agents show promise as we enter into a new millennium.
理想的局部麻醉剂应能在短时间内提供100%的麻醉效果，作用于完整皮肤且无全身副作用，不会引起疼痛或不适。如今人们仍在继续寻找这样一种药剂。由于局部麻醉剂能无痛诱导麻醉，显然需要一种有效的药剂。这将有助于消除在许多皮肤科手术前使用利多卡因进行痛苦注射的情况。
回顾过去使用的局部麻醉剂，介绍目前正在使用的产品，并展望局部麻醉的未来。结论：在过去三十年中，人们采用了多种方法来实施局部麻醉。目前，复方利多卡因乳膏（局部麻醉剂的共熔混合物）是皮肤科医生最常用的方法。然而，离子导入法和麻醉贴片同样有效，且比复方利多卡因乳膏有一些显著优势。随着我们进入新千年，脂质体药剂显示出了前景。
